often (2/3rds of the time - w/out an odds calculator to draw on), delays the JAPs.

But, these attacks can backfire (about 1/3rd of the time, by my experience), and leave JAP free to spread rapidly. JAP could then afford NOT to Pearl (though, that HAW FTR can be crucial, in YAK) and instead, bring those Units to bear in Asia on T1/2/3. Here, an IC in BUR/MAN, has ARM ready to send into battle on T3 (SBRs aren't particularly bothersome - and draw fire from advancing Axis INF/ARM).

As UK/RUS left GER generally intact, GER T2 should be a free-for-all in Africa (strong Bid, correct?). Here, GER often scraps their entire Air Force, to sink/decimate the forming TRNie fleet. Then GER need only pile for a quick attack on UKR (Any boats left? Take CAU on T3), and moderate stacks in EEU/GER (enough to repell UK), and a significant stack in WEU (to fend-off any US ambitions).

Unless RUS (+ Allied AIR) can hold KAR, CAU, and NOV thru T3.. Magic 84 is now a Distinct possibility.

Just a warning,
Patrick4